The ICH Cartel Effect
In 2012, Pakistan's long-distance international (LDI) operators formed the International Clearing House (ICH), routing all incoming international calls through a single PTCL-managed gateway. This arrangement fixed termination rates at 8.8 US cents per minute — up from roughly 2 cents — a six-fold increase that was later declared anti-competitive by the Competition Commission of Pakistan.
- [1]CCP Appellate Tribunal upholds penalty — Business RecorderICH termination rate increase details